SOLAR RADIATION (NUMITKI SAKTI AMADI MANGAL)

Numit tagi thadorakliba sakti sing amadi mangal (spectrum of solar radiation) ashi makhal kayagi wevelengths singgi oiba sakti singni(energy). Masibu eikhoina “electro megnatic radiation-EMR” hainasu khangnei.EMR ashi chaorakna kanglup ahum thok na neinaba yai.

1. Gamma rays and X rays (0.0001 nm to 10 nm) and vacuum(10 to 200nm). Makhoi ashi ‘Ionising radiation’ hairagasu khangnei.
2. Ultra violet radiation (UVR) (200 to 380 nm) and Visible radiation (VR) (380 to 780 nm).
3. Infra red radiation (IR) (780 nm to 1,000,000 nm), Radio waves (1 cm to 100 metres).

Solar radiation ashi yamna samna hairabada electro magnetic gi sakti na pik thana chenba, photons haina khangnaba energy waves/streams ni. Sakti gi mashek(photons) ashi yamna chang naiba oscillatory oina manglomda changsinli(travel). Thouri amana sangna tingthoklaga mathak maka naina haibada, ipom naina chatpagum,solar gi radiation gi sakti (energy) ashisu mangda chatli(travel).Energy waves singsina sandorakliba (oscillatory) ipom naiba energy asi, energy ashina sandorakliba lamsang/lishang aduda perpendicular oina ipom nai. Radiation sing asi gi wavelengths tenba amadi sangbagi khenabaduna ipom naina chatliba solar radiation singsig khongjel(velocity) su khetnei. EMR da yaoriba makhal kayagi photons gi radiation asi, wavelength telibamakhei energy gi sakti hena chaoi, amadi wavelength sangliba makhei energy hanthei. Photons gi mass leite (ihang hangba sundrang amagumbani),energy khaktani. Photons gi energy ashina chromophore (absorbing material) amada taraba/yeiraba matamda, photons singgi energy adu chromophore aduna chupsankhiduna mangkhi. Chromophor oiriba potsak adubu, chupsinkhriba energy aduna kaya yamba saklon olhankhiba natraga manghaliba (damage) haibadudi, kaya yamna sakti chenba photons no haibagi makha pongani. Wavelength telibamakhei photons gi energy yamna chaoi. Maram ashina Ionising radiation gi sakti di yamna chenli aduga, VR gin sakti yamna hanthei. Masigi ona teinabada wavelength sangliba makhei molecule phaoduna (penetration) chatpa ngambagi pangal heli. Maduna UVR na unsha gi layers manung hutna phaoba ngamde aduga IR radiation na manung hutchana changba ngami.

Prithibi gi Photobiology (life process) gi damak maru oina eikhoina tangai phadana darker oiriba EMR di UVR amadi VR ni. Mashi gi makhalgi radiation singsina unsagi laina kaya ama thokhanba natraga, layengbagi hiramda yamna maru oi. Masida yaoriba photons energy ashi unshagi chromphore (cell sing da yaoriba)na chupsankhraba matungda, molecular reactions kaya ama thokhanli.

UVR(Ultra violet radiation) ashi wavelength ki matung ina ahum thokna khaidokpa yai: a)UVC(200 nm to 290 nm), b) UVB(290nm to 320 nm) amasung c) UVA (320 nm to 400 nm). UVR ashi mitna uba (retina na sensitive) ngamde.

ULTRA VIOLET RADIATION C (UVC): EMR da gi thadorakliba UVC prithibigi kuyom, nungsitki stratosphere da yaoriba ozone na chupsankhiduna, prithibi gi leimaida UVC gi mami tade. Masigi photons singdi yamna sakti chenli,jiba panba mahik matai laina hatokpa ngami aduna “Germicidal radiation” hainasu khangnei. Wavelength tenba maramna energy kanjarabasu, unsagi mathakthangba epidermal layer dagi hena phaona changba ngamde adubu epidermis ki cell singdi mapung phana manghalba (destroy/burn) ngami. Medical science na khutsemgi oiba UVC lamp sijanaduna, nungsit amadi water purification gi damak sijanei. Laboratories singda, mahik hatoknaba amadi test kayagi changyeng kayadasu UVC sijanei.

ULTRA VIOLET RADIATION B (UVB): UV radiation ashi, ‘Mid UV’ natraga ‘sunburn spectrum’ hairagasu khangnei. Prithibigi leimaida yourakpa EMR gi manungda biologicaly (jiba panba singi oiba) khawaidagi maru oiba energy gi sarukni. UVB na prithibi gi laimaida yourakpa UVR gi 5% gumba natraga, prithibi gi laimaida yourakpa apunba radiation 0.5% gumba gi saruk oi. UVB gi energy(photons) ashi matam amada/mapham amada kaya yamna prithibi da yourkpa yabage haibasi hiram kayagi makha poli. Maru oina, seasons, cloud, ayuk nungthilgi khenaba matam gi matung ina radiation gi sakti su khenei. UVB ashi window glass phaona chatpa ngamde. UVB na unshada yeiba matamda, epidermis phaoraga dermis youna changsinba ngami. Unshagi cell singgi DNA bu manghalba(damage) ngami, maram ashina, matam kuina/toina UVB da unsha si leirarubadi Photo carcinogenesis thokhanba yai. Nungshagi mangalda leiruraba matungda khara thengthana unshada tanning(mushanlakpa) ashi UVB na thokhanbani. Khutsemgi UVB(Narrow band UVB:311 to 312 nm or Broad band-UVB pumnamak) lamp singna unshagi anaba kaya layenbada sijanari. Maru oina Vitiligo amasung Psoriasis ta toina sijanei.

ULTRA VIOLET RADIATION A (UVA): UVR na prithibi gi leimaida yourakpa 95% mukti UVA ni. UVA(320-400nm) ashi gi photons energy na unshada yeibada,wavelength ki range ashi sangbana maram oiduna unshagi response ashi wevelenth tensinba natraga sangdopagi matung ina khetnei. Aduna hena ningthina neinaba yanaba UVA ashi ani thokna neinasi. Madudi UVA I(340-400nm), UVA II(320-340 nm). UVA II na wavelength tenbana maram oiraga unsagi response henli. Unsha khuihanliba, unsha ahal oisanhaliba(photoaging) amasung unsagi photocarsinogenesis thokhanba ngami. Maram ashina eikhoina, nungsha thokpa tarabadi chang naina sunscreen( SPF 45+) sijinaba darker oi. Nungshada leiruraba matamda khudaki oiba (immediate) unsha mushilhanba(tanning) ashi UVA na thokhanbani.

Matangsida khangjinba yabadi, unshada yaoriba melanin pigment (melanocyte cell na sungba) ashina UVR da gi phana yamna ngathokpa ngami. Maram ashina, UVR da gi ngathokpa gi pangal si kuchu muba (unsada melanin pigment hena yaobana) mi na kuchu ngouba singdagi hena pangal lei. Vitiligo patient (paksana pakpa) singdadi, Melanocytes sikhiba amadi melanin pigment mangkhibana maram oiraga, UVR da gi ngakthokpagi panggal yamna hanthei aduna unsada photo damage (kharang kharang laoba, khuijinba phibham ama) yamna touhanba yai. Maram ashina tangaiphadana sunscreen chang naina sijinaba darker oi.

VISIBLE RADIATION (VR): EMR singgi manungda prithibi gi leimaida yourakpa amadi mitna(retina na sensitive ngamba) uba ngamba radiation bu VR(400-760nm) haina khangnei. VIBGYOR haina khangnaba machu taretna pulaga VR oi. VR na atamnana unsada (directly) photo biologic reaction thokhanba ngamde. Adubu photosensitizers(chemicals) sing na unsada teisanba natraga khanaouda chasinkhiduna egi khuthangda chemical sing du unsada sandoktuna, mioiba kharada unsada photo reactions thokhanba yai amasung unsagi laina kaya su thokhanli (immunologically reactive).

INFRA RED RADIATION (IR): IR di visible light(VR) dagi energy sonthei. IR ashi ahumthokna khaidokpa yai: a)IR-A(760-1440nm), b)IR-B (1440-3000 nm), c)IR-C (3000nm-1mm). IR-A di unsa phaona changba ngami amasung unsagi cell singda akaiba thokhanba(damage) ngami. Nugsagi mangalda yaoriba meisa ashidi IR-B amasung IR-C na oihabani.

Aroibada samlapna hairabada, unsada thokhanliba photobiological reactions sing ashi radiation gi wavelength gi makha poli. Wavelength tenliba makhei energy (photons) henli adubu unsa phaoduna changba ngambagi changdi hanthei. Masigi ona teinabada, wavelength sangliba makhei, energy(photons) hanthei aduga, unsa phaoduna changba ngambagi pangaldi henli.

ULTRA VIOLET INDEX(UV INDEX): Prithibi gi oina yanaraba, standardized oiraba, numitki UV radiation, karigumba mapham amada natraga amada energy gi strength onanaba measurement system adubu UV Index haina khangnei. UV Index ashi karigumba akhanaba machine amagi mateng na onli. Mahousana numityungba matam (11.30 Am to 12.30 Pm) dana UV Index ashi khawaidagi wangi. Index ashi makhagi asumna khangjanba yai.

• Low: 1-2
• Moderate: 3-5
• High: 6-7
• Very high: 8-10
• Extreme: 11

 

Dr. Karam Lokendro, MD